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DTSTART;TZID=America/Chicago:20251117T170000
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UID:submissions.supercomputing.org_SC25_sess198_ws_pmbsf119@linklings.com
SUMMARY:On the Performance and Scalability of Cloud Supercomputers: Insigh
 ts from Eagle and Reindeer
DESCRIPTION:Amirreza Rastegari, Prabhat Ram, and Michael F. Ringenburg (Mi
 crosoft Corporation)\n\nLaunch of Eagle, Azure’s hyper-scale supercomputer
  and the Number 3 on TOP500 list in November 2023, marked a new era where 
 cloud providers are at the forefront of supercomputing. Despite its rapid 
 expansion, public knowledge on the performance and scalability of cloud-ba
 sed supercomputing is limited, with numerous misconceptions regarding perf
 ormance implications due to virtualization layer of cloud-based systems. T
 o address these gaps, we present a comparative analysis of two cloud-based
  supercomputers: Azure Eagle, a hyper-scale system ranked Number 3 on TOP5
 00 in November 2023, and Azure Reindeer, a small-scale system ranked Numbe
 r 32 on TOP500 in November 2024.\n\nUsing a comprehensive performance anal
 ysis, we highlight differences in computational efficiency and scaling cha
 racteristics of these systems in comparison to their bare-metal on-premise
 s counterparts. We furthermore quantify the overhead from Azure's virtuali
 zation layer, demonstrating its performance implication for real-world HPC
  workloads to be less than 4%, with typical values ranging from 2–3%.\n\nR
 ecording: Livestreamed, Recorded\n\nRegistration Category: Technical Progr
 am Reg Pass, Workshop Reg Pass\n\nSession Chairs: Steven A. Wright (Univer
 sity of York, England); Simon Hammond (National Nuclear Security Administr
 ation (NNSA)); and Sascha Hunold (Technical University of Vienna)\n\n
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