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AI Agents for Enabling Autonomous Experiments at ORNL's HPC and Manufacturing User Facilities
DescriptionThis paper presents a modular architecture for enabling autonomous cross-facility scientific experimentation using AI agents at ORNL's HPC and manufacturing user facilities. The proposed system integrates a natural language interface powered by an LLM, a multi-agent framework for decision making, programmable facility APIs, and a provenance-aware infrastructure to support adaptive, explainable, and reproducible workflows. We demonstrate how AI agents can orchestrate and optimize additive manufacturing experiments through near real-time coordination between experimental and HPC resources. The architecture is evaluated through a realistic end-to-end workflow that employs a simulated version of the manufacturing facility, showing that the approach reduces coordination overhead and accelerates the scientific discovery process.